Saturday 18 May 2013

Julie Maroh's thoughts on Blue is the Warmest Colour

I recently watched Blue is the Warmest Colour (aka La Vie d’Adele) and, like many people, I was keen to hear what the author of the original comic book, Julie Maroh, had to say about the film, and its many controversies. As far as I know, she has only publically spoken of it once, and that was in a single blog post on her website, and she now declines all requests to discuss it further.

I found a few articles that took a few choice quotes out of this blog post and made stories out of them, but I wanted to read all of the author's comments in context. Unfortunately it appeared that only one English translation existed, and while it was occasionally excellent, and even linked to from Maroh's blog, it was also largely terrible. (I don't know if Maroh wrote it herself, but it seems likely that friends of hers may have done it for her, either way, it wasn't very easy to decipher.)

So I decided to go back to Maroh's original blog post and translate it myself (with a little help from the original English translation -- it was very helpful at times).

If you can suggest any improvements, let me know. This is the first time I've ever attempted a translation, but I do believe that, despite the bits of weirdness that still exist in this version, you get a much better idea of what she was trying to say. (Please comment if you disagree. Thanks.)


Adele's Blue 

by Julie Maroh (27 May, 2013)

The Original Color

For nearly two weeks I've shied away from speaking about La Vie d’Adele (Blue is the Warmest Colour). And for good reason; as the author of the adapted book, I've gone through a process too huge and intense to easily put into words.

This is not just about what [writer-director] Kechiche has created.

It's about processing the impact of our actions -- about writing a silly story one summer as a 19 year old and arriving at... "this," today.

It's about processing the desire to communicate feelings about Life, Love and Humanity as an artist, in general. It's about processing me and the choices I made.

So, yes... I'm dealing with indescribable emotions to do with repercussion. About standing up and speaking, and where it can lead.

What interests me is the normalization of homosexuality.

I did not write a book to preach to the choir, nor was it only for lesbians. My wish from the beginning was to attract the attention of those who:
  • had no idea
  • had misconceptions due to ignorance
  • hated me/us
I know that some are engaged in an entirely different fight: to keep this unconventional, subversive. I'm not saying I'm not ready to defend that. I'm just saying that what interests me the most is that, myself, those that I love, and all the others, should no longer be:
  • insulted
  • rejected
  • attacked
  • raped
  • murdered
in the street, at school, at work, with family, on holidays, at home. Because of our differences.

Everyone interprets and identifies with the book in their own way, but I just wanted to clarify what inspired me. The aim was also to tell the story of a romantic encounter, how a tale of love can grow, be destroyed, and what remains of the love that was awakened after a break up, mourning, death. This is what interested Kechiche.

Neither of us had any intention to be activists. However I quickly saw after the publication of Blue in 2010, that the mere mention of a minority makes you a participant in the discussion (either for or against), whether you like it or not.

The Change from Comic to Movie

Kechiche and I met before I agreed to sign away the adaptation of my book, more than two years ago. I've always had a great amount of affection and admiration for his work, but it was mostly this meeting that led me to trust him. I stated from the outset that I did not want to participate in the project, it was his film. Perhaps this is what led him to trust me in return. Never-the-less, we met several times afterwards. I remember the copy of the Blue he carried under his arm: there was not one centimetre of space in the margins; it was filled with his scribbled notes. There was much talk of the characters, love, pain - life basically.

We talked about losing our Great Love. I had lost mine the previous year. When I think back to the last part of La Vie d’Adele, I find the salty taste of this wound.

For me this adaptation is another version/vision/reality of the same story. One does not destroy the other. What came out from Kechiche's film reminded me of falling onto gravel; of the pain of skin scraping against asphalt. The film is purely Kechichian, with characters typical of his work. Consequently his heroine is very remote compared to mine, it's true. But what he created is coherent, justified and fluid. It's a master stroke.

Do not go see and it hoping to feel what you felt when Blue. You will recognize tones, but you will also find something else.

Before seeing the film in Paris, I had been warned, "It's freely adapted. Really, it's very loosely based." I was already expecting the worst. At the Quat'Sous Films office, all of the rough arrangement of the scenes were pinned up on the wall. I blinked in surprise, observing that the two-thirds of it were clearly following the progression of Blue's scenario. I could even recognize the shots, backgrounds, etc.

As some already know, too many hours of footage had been shot, and before Kechiche made the final cut, he removed part of the middle. Yet, being the writer of Blue, I still recognize my book in it. It was with a pounding heart that I recognized all the North of France, where I come from, that I had tried to transpose into my drawings, finally made ''real''. And given my introduction to this article, you can imagine how I felt seeing these shots, scenes, conversations, by actors whose features resembled my drawings, passing before my eyes.

So, whatever you might hear or read in the media (who too often get caught up with basics and ignore the details) I restate here that indeed, La Vie d‘Adele is the adaptation of my comic book, and that there is nothing wrong with saying so.

As for the sex

As for the sex... Yes, the sex... Since it's been on the lips of everyone who saw the movie... It is first useful to point out that, in a three hour movie, these scenes only fill a few minutes. If we talk about it, it is only because of the director's visual emphasis on it.

I believe that Kechiche and I have opposite ideas of how beauty should presented, perhaps complementary. The way he chose to shoot these scenes is consistent with the rest of his creation. Certainly it seems to me far from my own creative tastes, but it would be very silly of me to reject something simply because it's not how I imagined it.

That was me as a writer. Now, as a lesbian...

It appears to me that this was what was missing on the set: Lesbians.

I don't know where the director and the actresses (who are all straight, unless proven otherwise) got their information, I was never consulted beforehand. Maybe someone gave them rough ideas for possible hand positions, and/or who showed them some so-called "lesbian" porn (which unfortunately is hardly ever actually for a lesbian audience). Because - except for a few instances - this is what it brought to my mind: A brutal and surgical display; a cold demonstration of lesbian sex, which turns into porn, and made me feel very ill at ease. Especially when, in the middle of a movie theatre, everyone was giggling. 

The heteronormative laughed because they don't understand it and found the scene ridiculous. The gay and queer people laughed because it wasn't convincing at all, and they also found it ridiculous. And among the only people we didn't hear laughing were the guys who were too busy feasting their eyes on an incarnation of their fantasies on screen.

I understand Kechiche's intention to film pleasure. The way he shot these scenes seemed to me directly related to another scene, in which several characters talk about the myth of the female orgasm, as... mystical and far superior to the male one. But here again we sanctify women in such a way that I find dangerous.

As a feminist and lesbian spectator, I can not endorse the direction Kechiche took on these matters.

But I also want to hear what other women think; this is only my very personal opinion.

Whatever it may be, I don't see the movie as a betrayal. When it comes to adapting something, I believe that the notion of betrayal should be reconsidered. I lost the control of my book as soon as I gave it away to be read. It's an object meant to be handled, felt, interpreted.

Kechiche went through the same process as any other reader, he entered it and identified with it in a unique way. As the author, I have no control over this, and it would have never crossed my mind to expect Kechiche to go in any particular direction with this film, because it is only appropriate that -- humanly, emotionally -- it no longer belonged to me as soon as it appeared on the shelves of a bookstore.

The Palme

This conclusion in Cannes is obviously wonderful and breathtaking.

As mentioned in my introduction, all that I have felt in the past few days have been so insane and enormous that I cannot put into words.

I remain absolutely overwhelmed, amazed, and grateful for these events.

Last night I realized this is the first time in Cinema's history that a comic book has inspired a Palme d'Or winning movie, and this idea leaves me petrified. It's a lot to carry.

I deeply wish to thank all those who appeared surprised, shocked, disgusted with the fact that Kechiche made no mention of me when he received his Palme. I have no doubt he had good reasons for not doing so, just like he certainly had for not making me more visible on the red carpet in Cannes (even though I crossed the country to join them), for not receiving me - at least for an hour - on the set, for not having someone keep me informed about the production between June 2012 and April 2013, or for not answering my emails since 2011. However, to those who reacted strongly, I want to say that I don't carry any bitterness. He hasn't mentioned it in front of the cameras, but the night of the official screening in Cannes, a few witnesses heard him say to me, "Thank you, you were the starting point", while he strongly shook my hand.

To learn more about the film, you can download the press release
and on lesbian porn, a small link

Sunday 12 May 2013

George Lucas's THX 1138: Detailed Comparison of Theatrical and Director's Cuts - Part 1

THX 1138 is George Lucas's most unusual, idiosyncratic, and interesting movie. For a man synonymous with the Hollywood blockbuster, it shows a side of his work that most people would be very surprised to see. Despite being critically lauded, it's uncompromising and uncommercial nature means that not many people have seen it, and indeed, it was a flop on its original release in 1971. 

The film was Lucas's first feature, and was based on his award-winning USC student film, Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB. It was produced by Francis Ford Coppolla's "American Zoetrope" productions, with investment from Warner Bros., and is filled with lots of unusual flourishes that would have never been allowed had a big studio controlled production.

Pulling no punches in its bleak vision of the future, THX 1138 features televised police brutality, a masturbating Robert Duvall, government enforced drug abuse, corrupt religions, nudity, and lots of other things that would never be seen in the Star Wars or Indiana Jones universes. (Although there are some surprising ties to Star Wars in its technology, aesthetics and sound design.)

It's challenging, different, affecting, and if you've never seen it, I think you owe it to yourself to give it a shot.

Release, Re-release and Re-re-release
Although it was completed (and possibly premiered) in 1970, Warner Bros. released the film to American theatres in 1971, but only after insisting on five minutes of cuts. Despite some good reviews, it was an immediate flop, and it was only after the huge success of Star Wars in 1977, that, in an attempt to cash-in, THX 1138 was re-released in its original, longer cut. It was this director approved version that was initially released on home video. As technically this "longer" cut was the original cut completed by George Lucas in 1970, I will often refer to it by that year (instead of 1971 or 1977).

In 2003, while preparing the release of THX 1138 for DVD, Lucas took the time re-visit his old movie. He (perhaps unsurprisingly) spent a great deal of that year re-editing the entire film, adding CGI detail and effects, and even shooting new footage. Considering the extreme depth of these changes, it's perhaps surprising that this new version of the film (never sold as anything other than a "Director's Cut" on its 2004 debut) was met warmly by fans and critics alike. Despite the outcry that came as a result of the changes he made to Star Wars, nobody appear to mourn the loss of the original THX 1138. Maybe it's because Lucas didn't soften any of the edges of his original vision, instead just expanding the film's universe, while attempting to make it more emotionally engaging, or maybe it's just because the it didn't have as many die-hard fans.

Considering the sheer number of changes made to the film, it's perhaps astonishing that both versions manage to convey the same story so well, and indeed it's partially for this reason that I think it's worth exploring what was changed, and how it affected the storytelling.

Note: This article only concerns itself with the two director approved cuts of THX 1138; The 1970/77 version and the re-cut 2004 version. (The 1971 theatrical version, with its distributor imposed cuts, is ignored.)

THX 1138's main theme is that we are both the slaves and the jailers of a prison of our own making. Ultimately it offers an extremely cynical, but also satirical, view of Western consumerist culture. It is fuelled by anger, frustration and, like all satire, optimism. Like the character it's named after, THX 1138 ultimately wants to shake the world free of the self-imposed shackles that bind us, and hopefully lead us to a brighter future.

Let's examine how the two versions of the film attempt to do this, while comparing the artistic changes Lucas has made.


But first... Buck Rogers!

Both versions of THX 1138 open with a trailer for an episode of the 1939 serial, Buck Rogers, depicting "the wonderful world of the future".


The clip's glimpse into a Utopian future works on two levels: Firstly it's an obvious juxtaposition between what we may hope the future to be, and the bleak future about to be shown in THX 1138, but secondly it jolts something deeper within us. This clip wasn't staged for the THX 1138, it's real. Buck Rogers was actually enjoyed by real children (George Lucas being one of them), and their parents may have enjoyed it with them, hoping offspring might live to see such a bright future.

It encapsulates a very real innocence that we can all relate to. The wonder, joy, and optimism of the future, where anything is possible. It's no accident that it's held up to us before we watch Lucas's bleak depiction of the future because, as with most sci-fi, the world it portrays is actually our present. THX 1138 wants to connect with contemporary frustrations, and asks if we can't just choose a better world.

So much does Lucas want us to think about the present day that he adds a voice-over to the trailer that proudly announces the famous 25th century adventurer is actually exploring the futuristic 20th century (a subtle change that's easy to miss). As the THX 1138's theatrical poster declared, "The future is here".

In Lucas's eyes, we are living in the exciting, technological future we were promised from our childhood. We are surrounded by electronic wonders that our grandparents could only dream about, but rather than finding ourselves in utopia, our humanity has been stripped away while we weren't looking. THX 1138 wants to explore where we are today and ask why.

The Credits!
This doesn't alter the storytelling, but nevertheless Lucas made some changes and they are mentioned here for completeness. The Laserdisc version of the 1970 Director's Cut shows the Warner Bros. logo from the time of the Laserdisc's release in the 1980s (golden logo over idyllic blue skies). The 2004 Director's Cut restores the logo that would have been seen in 1970.



A very minor, but unusual, change is that Hal Barwood's opening titles are changed from white to green, possibly hinting at the old CRT green computer screen technology.









The next change is to the "blocks" that form the opening images of security guards "helping" a beaten detainee. As you can see, the newer version (again, on the right) has video scan lines added, giving us the impression this is being monitored somewhere (and it is).


A Brighter Future
Right at the beginning of the film, where we see the titular character, played by Robert Duvall, doing his job, Lucas has replaced a blurry, blue "video" image with an entirely new shot showing men all lined up in a factory. This new shot helps better establish where THX works: He's one of many on a production line. An ant in the colony.

Note: As with the rest of the article, the left image is from 1970, the right image is from 2004. The film's soundtrack remains the same across both versions, and the images shown below are what's seen in the two different versions at the same time, with the same soundtrack.









Unafraid of CGI as ever, Lucas replaces another shot of THX at work, with an intricate CGI of close-up of what he is building (ironically, although we don't fully know it yet, his job is to help construct the complex's robotic jailers -- yes, he's literally helping construct his own prison).









Lucas makes some minor modifications to the original shots next, making them match the previous shot by adding some CGI and grading them with a warm, orange hue.










After we leave THX, we are introduced to LUH 3417 (Maggie McOmie) and SEN 2541 (Donald Pleasance).

There are some significant changes here, but you probably wouldn't notice them. The biggest change is that SEN is no longer positioned next to LUH. In the 1970 version they were colleagues in the same department, sat next to each other, but in the later version SEN is somewhere else in the complex. This change is maintained throughout the 2004 edition, and it has a few effects. Originally it was implied that the repressed SEN developed a confused crush on LUH from working with her, which seemed quite innocent. In the 2004 version his infatuation comes from afar, and feels more sinister as a result.

Whenever we see LUH in long shot (and so would have seen SEN next to her), the 2004 version replaces him with anonymous workers, inserted with footage almost indistinguishable from the original (see below).

In addition to this, more anonymous workers are shown in the background, making LUH's entire department seem bigger. Another effect of both of these changes is that LUH seems just as anonymous and powerless as THX. (The original cut gave the mild impression that she was in a position of authority compared to THX, overseeing everyone else.)



Additionally, if you look closely (click to see full size) new controls are added to everyone's desks, and a few new monitors have been added. A small detail you may not notice is the addition of the base of LUH's chair. It doesn't mean anything, of course, it just shows the attention to detail that's been applied to the 2004 edition.

Keeping with the idea that SEN is in a different part of the complex (making the world feel bigger), a shot of LUH looking over at SEN is replaced with a shot of bank of monitors in the 2004 version.



After this comes our first really big divergence from the original cut.

In 1970, the sequence unfolded thusly:

First we cut to THX at his job.


Then back to LUH and SEN monitoring THX, which then changes to them responding to a consumer complaining about a product he's bought.


LUH presses a button and he's informed that, for "greater enjoyment and efficiency", his product will no longer do the thing he wants it to.


With the consumer being taken care of, we then see footage of "illegal sexual activity" being beamed into the monitoring station, and SEN's childlike reaction to it.



We then cut back to THX's work (showing that he's literally constructing this prison's jailers -- the security robots which maintain order in the complex). We also see that he's apparently in some distress.



We drift back across a bank of monitors in the monitoring station, this time they show a child poking around in a medicine cabinet, with an automated voice stating, "If you feel you are not properly sedated, call 348-844 immediately. Failure to do so may result in prosecution for criminal drug evasion." We then see LUH looking maternally at the monitors.


This editing highlights the lyrical "tone poem" style of the original cut, pulling us into the film's weird world, as the characters go through a typical day. It's quite hypnotic and effective, but Lucas apparently felt it was lacking in focus. Indeed, the only thing we can infer from the above sequence is that LUH and SEN work together in some sort of monitoring station, and that THX is in some sort of distress. We get a sense of their personalities, but not of their motivations.

In the new cut, the above sequence is changed:

We start with SEN viewing some computer monitors with THX and LUH on them. Why he's watching them, we don't know, but he looks menacing, and this establishes him as a dubious figure at best.




We then go back to LUH at her monitors, where she's also apparently watching THX at work. (Note the added green lights behind her -- a minor change.)




Then we cut to THX at his job.



Then back to LUH monitoring THX (and in keeping with what I said before, SEN has been replaced from the original shot), which then changes to her responding to a consumer complaining about a product he's bought.

LUH presses a button and he's informed that, for "more enjoyment and greater efficiency", his product will no longer do the thing he wants it to.


We then cut to a new CGI shot of THX's workplace (replacing the first shot in the old version), and then see him apparently in distress.



We drift back across a bank of monitors in the monitoring station, this time showing a child poking around in a medicine cabinet, with an automated voice stating, "If you feel you are not properly sedated, call 348-844 immediately. Failure to do so may result in prosecution for criminal drug evasion." We then see LUH looking maternally at the monitors.


We then cut to THX at work again, before cutting back to LUH looking bored at work.



 Now we see the "illegal sexual activity", but instead of showing SEN's reaction to it, we see LUH's.



She looks confused, and then she suddenly she jolts to life as sirens start going off. (At this point both versions then converge on the "radiation leak" sequence.) 

In the new edit, we now have more things to mentally chew on: SEN is apparently monitoring both LUH and THX. Is he in a position of power over the both of them? Is he infatuated with them? Is he suspicious of them?

LUH apparently works in some sort of call center, helping those who need assistance, rather than in a position of security. She also has some reason for monitoring THX (could it be personal?), and seems more emotional than the world around her. 

We see THX is in distress, as before.

It's a more traditional introduction to the main characters than the 1970 version, but it's still very unusual.

The last shot of LUH watching the sexual activity also shows that perhaps something isn't quite right insider her, either, and she looks seriously perturbed at the sound of an alarm going off. Not nearly as emotionally dead as the world around her.




Radiation Leak
Just as soon as both versions converge, we diverge again. Lots of new footage was added for the radiation leak sequence in the 2004 edition. The 1970 edition starts off with the following montage:




We then see a series of explosions through the eyes of these monitors.



The 2004 version changes this:

We begin with the monitors, but now there's lots of new footage on them, of people fleeing the meltdown.


We now also see LUH's reaction, apparently affected by all the deaths in the way those around here are not. (Note the added lights in the background have now turned red.)


A completely new shot.


Then both versions re-converge again:

Same shot, but now there's new footage on the left monitor.

More people and detail are added behind THX, expanding the world.

The next two shots are identical in both versions, but are included for completeness.

















The next change happens when LUH glances over to her right (green lights again!)...

...to a shot of SEN looking back at her. This has been replaced with her watching THX amid the explosions in the other sector for the 2004 edition.









The next shots just add more detail and depth to THX's working environment (and to Lucas's credit, it's very well done).


















Most of these changes increase the sense of danger and scope of the meltdown, but there's also more of a feeling that LUH is emotionally affected by these deaths, and that she is especially concerned about the well-being of THX.

Both versions juxtapose the brutality of the leak with the cold and emotionless reaction by the rest of the complex. Yes there was an explosion, lots of people died, but your shift is over now. See ya 9am tomorrow!

Shift Over... It's Shoppy Time!
The next scenes plays out the same in both versions, but with some world expanding and aesthetic changes made for the 2004 version:

THX leaves work, goes shopping for a random red object, and then, apparently burdened by something, goes to "confession" with the computerised religious figure, OMM. During his unburdening to the emotionless OMM, he reveals that he and his "partner" seem to be having problems, but he doesn't know why.

These are the only visuals that are changed (some of them are very clever in how they use the original footage -- look closely -- but they only increase the size of the world, or help establish a more cohesive world aesthetic).












Coming up in Part 2: Robert Duvall goes home and watches porn.